Introduction: common low back pain is common and often causes severe disability and socio-economic problems. The aim of this work is to describe the epidemiological and MRI aspects of common low back pain in order to analyze their correlation. Materials and method: this is a retrospective and descriptive study on MRI of the lumbar spine, performed at the Medical Imaging Center of the Ravoahangy Andrianavalona University Hospital, for 12 months. Results: MRI of the lumbar spine constituted 19.90% of all MRI examinations. We selected 114 files. The extremes of age were 21 and 86 years old, with an average of 49.7 years. The age group most affected by common low back pain was 51 to 60 years old. Women predominated at 58.77%. The sedentary profession accounted for 70.17% of cases. Chronic low back pain accounted for 43.85% of the reasons for the MRI request. Disc degeneration was the most recovered cause. It includes the 78.07 % disc signal abnormality; disc fissure posterior to 59.64%; 79.82% disc protrusion and 14.91% vertebral plateau remodeling. Posterior vertebral osteoarthritis accounted for 41%. We found chronic evolution and multi-stage involvement of these lesions. The disc lesions had a statistically significant correlation between them. Vertebral arthrosis was associated with lower back pain. Conclusion: MRI has an important role in the management of common low back pain.