Introduction:Syringomyelia are fluid formations in intramedullary spread over at least two myelometers and composed of cerebrospinal fluid. They are rare and caused by various pathologies. MRI is an essential examination that contributes to the diagnosis. The objectives of our study are to determine the aspects in MRI and the etiology of this pathology in Madagascar. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study realized between March 2017 and March 2019 about 32 patients with MRI-diagnosed syringomyelia. This study is carried out at the medical imaging center of the Hospital Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Madagascar. The parameters studied were the demographic profile of patients, the clinical symptomatology, the MRI aspects and the etiologies of syringomyelia. Results:We observed a female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.6 and an average age of 40.81 years. The syringomyelic cavities averaged 3.2 mm (2 to 10 mm) and located mainly in the cervico-dorsal level (40.6%). Tumors were the main etiologies with 37.5% (12 patients), followed by Chiari disease 28.12% (9 patients), myelitis 15.62% (5 patients) and traumatism 6.25% (2 patients). Idiopathic forms accounted for 12.5% ​​ (4 patients). The tumoral syringomyelia are developed upstream and limited to the same floor as the tumor. The syringomyelia associated with Chiari's disease have variable size and morphology but localized notably at the cervical and dorsal level. The syringomyelic cavities of inflammatory origin are multicavitary and extensive. Conclusion: Intramedullary tumors are the main causes of the formation of syringomyelic cavities in Madagascar. The aspects and morphology of the syringomyelia in MRI are polymorphic and vary by etiology.